Rose

• Sunlight: Roses need at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight every day for the best flowering. Morning sun is particularly beneficial, as it helps dry dew from the leaves and prevents fungal diseases.
• Air circulation: Proper spacing between plants is crucial. Good air circulation helps prevent fungal diseases such as powdery mildew and black spot. 

• Soil: Plant roses in rich, well-draining soil with a slightly acidic pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
• Watering: Water deeply and consistently to keep the soil moist, but not waterlogged.
  • How often: During the growing season, aim for about 1 to 2 inches of water per week. Established roses can tolerate deeper, less frequent watering, while potted and newly planted roses need more frequent checks.
  • Technique: Water at the base of the plant to avoid wetting the foliage, as this can encourage fungal diseases.
  • Mulch: Apply a 2- to 4-inch layer of organic mulch around the base of the plant to retain moisture and suppress weeds. 

• Feeding schedule: Roses are heavy feeders and benefit from regular fertilization. Use a balanced granular fertilizer or compost once a month between spring and mid-summer.
• Fertilizer type: Look for an NPK-rich fertilizer specifically formulated for roses or use organic options like composted manure.
• Application: Sprinkle the fertilizer around the drip line, not against the stem, to avoid burning the roots. 

• When to prune: The best time for major pruning is in late winter or early spring, just as the leaf buds begin to swell. For repeat-blooming varieties, deadhead spent flowers throughout the season to encourage new blooms.
• What to prune: Remove dead, diseased, or damaged (the “three D’s”) canes, as well as crossing branches that rub together. Open up the center of the bush to improve air circulation.
• Pruning technique: Make cuts at a 45-degree angle, about 1/4 inch above an outward-facing bud. For older, twiggy canes, you may prune up to two-thirds of the cane.

• Common issues: Watch for pests like aphids, Japanese beetles, and spider mites, as well as fungal diseases such as black spot and powdery mildew.
• Prevention: The best defense is to maintain a healthy plant. Ensure good air circulation, avoid overhead watering, and keep the area around the rose bush clean by removing debris

Treatment:

• Fungal issues: Treat fungal diseases like black spot and powdery mildew with a commercial fungicide or a homemade remedy like a baking soda spray. Remove and dispose of infected leaves.
• Pests: Minor infestations of pests like aphids can often be knocked off with a strong spray of water. For more persistent problems, use an insecticidal soap or neem oil.