Ficus Microcarpa

Characteristics

Appearance: The tree features a wide, spreading crown and can grow up to 25 meters (82 feet) tall in its native habitat. It has smooth, gray bark and dense, glossy, dark green oval leaves.
Aerial roots: As it matures, the tree develops numerous rust-colored aerial roots that can descend and eventually develop into supportive prop roots or accessory trunks. This feature is often highlighted when grown as a bonsai.
Fruit: Small, paired, yellow to reddish figs grow in the leaf axils.
Habitat: It thrives in warm, humid climates and is tolerant of a variety of conditions, including urban pollutants. It can be found in rainforests, along river edges, and in coastal areas.

Care requirements

For those cultivating Ficus microcarpa as a houseplant or bonsai, here are the essential care instructions:

Light: Prefers bright, indirect sunlight. Direct afternoon sun can scorch the leaves.
Water: Water generously when the top layer of soil feels dry. Reduce watering in the winter. Avoid overwatering, which can cause root rot.
Humidity: The plant enjoys high humidity. You can increase humidity by misting the leaves or placing the pot on a tray filled with pebbles and water.
Temperature: It thrives in warm temperatures between 20°C and 35°C (68°F and 95°F) and should be protected from temperatures below 10°C (50°F).
Soil: Use a well-draining, fertile, and loamy soil mix.
Fertilizer: During the growing season (spring and summer), fertilize with a balanced liquid fertilizer every couple of weeks. Reduce feeding in the fall and winter.

Uses and benefits

Ornamental: Widely cultivated as a shade tree in tropical climates and as an indoor container plant or bonsai specimen elsewhere.
Bonsai: The species is a popular choice for bonsai due to its attractive glossy leaves and ease of shaping. The “Ginseng” variety, with its exposed root system, is a common favorite.
Air purification: Like many fig plants, Ficus microcarpa can help remove harmful air pollutants, contributing to a cleaner indoor environment.
Traditional medicine: Various parts of the plant, including the bark, aerial roots, and dried leaves, are used in traditional medicine in some cultures to treat a range of ailments.

Potential issues

Leaf drop: Sudden changes in temperature, light, or watering can cause the plant to drop its leaves. Cold drafts are a common culprit.
Pests: Indoor plants should be monitored for common pests such as spider mites, mealybugs, and scale.
Toxicity: Like other Ficus species, the sap is mildly toxic and can cause skin irritation.

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