Bougainvillea growth and features
- Thorns: These vigorous vines are armed with sharp thorns that help them scramble over other plants and structures.
- Habit: Bougainvillea can be grown in many forms, including as a climbing vine, a shrub, a small tree, or a hedge.
- Blooming: In tropical climates, bougainvillea can bloom almost year-round, while in cooler regions, it typically blooms in cycles during the warmer months.
- Growth: Once established, bougainvillea grows quickly and can reach a height of 15 to 40 feet, depending on the variety and growing conditions.Â
Bougainvillea care
Bougainvillea is relatively low-maintenance once established, provided it has the right conditions.
- Sunlight: This plant needs at least six hours of full, direct sun per day to produce a good show of blooms. Insufficient sunlight will result in more leaves and fewer flowers.
- Water: Bougainvillea is drought-tolerant and prefers deep, infrequent watering once established. Overwatering can cause root rot and leaf drop.
- Soil: Use well-draining soil to prevent waterlogging. A sandy or loamy, slightly acidic soil is ideal.
- Pruning: Since bougainvillea blooms on new growth, pruning is essential for maximum flowering. Heavy pruning should be done in late winter or early spring, and light trimming can be done after each bloom cycle
- Support: Taller, vining varieties need a sturdy support, such as a trellis or arbor.
- Fertilizer: Fertilize regularly during the blooming season, especially when growing in pots. Use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer or one formulated for hibiscus.Â
Container growing
Bougainvillea does very well in containers, which is ideal for colder climates.
- Crowded roots: The plant actually blooms more when its roots are slightly crowded, making it perfect for pots.
- Bringing indoors: In regions with frost, potted bougainvillea can be brought indoors during the winter to a sunny window to protect it from cold temperatures below 30–50°F.
Common problems and toxicity
- Lack of blooms: The most common cause is not enough sunlight or overwatering.
- Pests: While generally pest-free, it can occasionally be affected by aphids, mealybugs, and spider mites.
- Toxicity: The thorns and sap of bougainvillea are mildly toxic and can cause skin irritation and vomiting if ingested by pets or humans.Â
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